Non Linear Contracting and Endogenous Buyer Power between Manufacturers and Retailers: Empirical Evidence on Food Retailing in France

We present the first empirical estimation of a structural model taking into account explicitly the endogenous buyer power of downstream players facing two part tariffs contracts offered by the upstream level. We consider vertical contracts between manufacturers and retailers where resale price maintenance may be used with two part tariffs and allow retailers to have some endogenous buyer power from the horizontal competition of manufacturers. Our contribution allows to recover price-cost margins at the upstream and downstream levels in these different structural models using the industry structure and estimates of demand parameters. We apply it to the market of bottled water in France, estimating a mixed logit demand model on individual level data. Empirical evidence shows that two part tari¤s contracts are used with no resale price maintenance and that the buyer power of supermarket chains is endogenous to the structure of manufacturers competition.

Pl@ntWood: A computer-assisted identification tool for 110 species of Amazon trees based on wood anatomy

World interest in conservation of tropical forests has increased due to elevated rates of deforestation and climate change issues. Tropical forests are threatened by extensive agriculture and timber trade among other factors; thus, sustainable management and conservation of tropical tree species require reliable and user accessible identification tools. Although wood anatomical features provide a considerable amount of information, only a handful of experts are able to use it for plant species identification. Here, we propose an interactive tool, based on vector graphics, illustrating 96 states of 22 wood anatomical characters from 110 Amazonian tree species belonging to 34 families. Pl@ntWood is a graphical identification tool based on the IDAO (Identification des plantes Assistée par Ordinateur) system, a multimedia approach to plant identification. This system allows non-specialists to identify plants in a user-friendly interface while stimulating self-training in wood anatomy of tropical species. (Texte intégral

Household Food Consumption, Individual Caloric Intake and Obesity in France

We show how to use a long period of observation of all food purchases at the household level to infer the profile of average individual caloric intakes according to the gender, age and the body mass index of household members. Using data from France, we apply this method to analyze the relationship between obesity and individual food consumption. The results show that obese or overweight individuals do absorb more calories at all ages but with differences that vary across gender and ages and across food nutrients such as carbohydrates, lipids or proteins.

Transformation de Fourier des distributions de type positif sur un groupe de Lie unimodulaire

RésuméOn utilise la théorie des vecteurs C∞ et des vecteurs distributions pour définir la transformée de Fourier des distributions de type poitif sur un groupe de Lie unimodulaire de type I. Pour cela, on définit des mesures à valeurs opérateurs à croissance lente sur le dual Ĝ de G, et on démontre un théorème de Bochner-Schwartz. L'examen des cas particuliers central et sphérique permet ensuite d'introduire deux notions de croissance lente pour les mesures scalaires sur Ĝ. Lorsque G est semi-simple on retrouve ainsi des résultats antérieurs sur l'analyse sphérique

Household Food Consumption, Individual Caloric Intake and Obesity in France

We show how to use a long period of observation of all food purchases at the household level to infer the profile of average individual caloric intakes according to the gender, age and the body mass index of household members. Using data from France, we apply this method to analyze the relationship between obesity and individual food consumption. The results show that obese or overweight individuals do absorb more calories at all ages but with differences that vary across gender and ages and across food nutrients such as carbohydrates, lipids or proteins.